1. Muhalli da aka gina
(1) Kafin gina wurin ajiyar sanyi, ana buƙatar mai amfani ya rage benen wurin ajiyar sanyi da 200-250mm, sannan ya shirya benen;
(2) Ana buƙatar a bar magudanar ruwa ta ƙasa da bututun fitar da ruwa mai ƙura a ƙarƙashin kowace ma'ajiyar sanyi. Babu magudanar ruwa ta ƙasa a cikin injin daskarewa kuma dole ne bututun fitar da ruwa mai ƙura su kasance a wajen ma'ajiyar sanyi;
(3) Ajiye ƙananan zafin jiki yana buƙatar sanya wayoyin dumama ƙasa, kuma ɗaya a shirye yake don wani amfani. Bayan an shimfiɗa wayoyin dumama a ƙasa, za a iya shimfiɗa layin rufin ƙasa da kusan mm 2 na kariya da wuri. Idan ƙasa inda wurin ajiyar sanyi yake shine ƙasa mafi ƙasƙanci, ba za a iya amfani da wayoyin dumama a ƙasan wurin ajiyar ƙananan zafin ba.
2. Allon rufe zafi
Dole ne a yi amfani da hukumar kula da rufin gida wajen tabbatar da ingancin iskar gas, sannan a samu rahoton gwaji daga Ofishin Kula da Fasaha.
2.1 Kayan rufi
Ya kamata kayan rufewar zafi su yi amfani da allon rufewar zafi na polyurethane mai siffar kumfa mai farantin ƙarfe da aka fesa da filastik ko farantin ƙarfe mai bakin ƙarfe a ɓangarorin biyu, mai kauri aƙalla 100mm. Kayan rufewar yana hana harshen wuta kuma ba shi da CFCs. An yarda ya ƙara wani yanki na kayan ƙarfafawa don inganta aiki, amma ba zai iya rage aikin rufewar zafi ba.
2.2 Siding ɗin panel mai rufi
(1) Faifan ciki da na waje faranti ne masu launi na ƙarfe.
(2) Dole ne layin rufin faranti masu launi na ƙarfe ya zama ba mai guba ba, mara ƙamshi, mai jure tsatsa, kuma ya dace da ƙa'idodin tsabtace abinci na duniya.
2.3 Bukatun aiki gaba ɗaya na garkuwar zafi
(1) Ba a yarda da wani abu mai rufe zafi da aka fallasa a saman haɗin gwiwa na allon rufe zafi ba, kuma dole ne a sami wata matsala da ke da convexity fiye da 1.5mm a saman haɗin.
(2) Ya kamata saman allon rufe zafi ya kasance mai santsi da laushi, kuma kada a sami karkacewa, ƙaiƙayi, ƙuraje, ko lahani marasa daidaituwa.
(3) An yarda a ɗauki matakan ƙarfafawa a cikin allon hana zafi don inganta ƙarfin injina, amma ba a yarda ya rage tasirin hana zafi ba.
(4) Dole ne kayan da ke kewaye da allon rufe zafi su zama iri ɗaya da kayan rufe zafi, kuma ba a yarda da sauran kayan da ke da ƙarfin watsa zafi ba.
(5) Ya kamata a ɗauki matakai don hana gadoji masu sanyi a wuraren haɗin gwiwa tsakanin bangarorin bangon rufin zafi da ƙasa.
(6) Dole ne a rufe haɗin da ke tsakanin allunan rufe zafi da manne ko wani abu mara guba, babu wani wari na musamman, babu gurɓataccen abu mai cutarwa, biyan buƙatun tsaftar abinci da ingantaccen aikin rufewa.
(7) Tsarin haɗin da ke tsakanin allunan hana zafi ya kamata ya tabbatar da matsin lamba tsakanin haɗin gwiwa da haɗin gwiwa mai ƙarfi.
2.4 Bukatun shigar da kariyar zafi
Dole ne a rufe dinkin da ke tsakanin allon ajiyar kaya da allon ajiyar kaya sosai, haɗin da ke tsakanin allon ajiyar kaya biyu dole ne ya zama ƙasa da 1.5mm, kuma tsarin dole ne ya kasance mai ƙarfi da aminci. Bayan an haɗa jikin ajiyar kaya, ya kamata a shafa dukkan haɗin kan allon ajiyar kaya da manne mai ci gaba da daidaito. An bayyana tsarin haɗin gwiwa na mahaɗi daban-daban a ƙasa.
2.5 Tsarin zane na haɗa allon ɗakin karatu
Idan tsawon rufin ya wuce mita 4 ko kuma aka ɗora rufin wurin ajiyar sanyi, dole ne a ɗaga rufin wurin ajiyar sanyi. Ya kamata a zaɓi wurin da ƙugiyar take a tsakiyar farantin ɗakin karatu. Domin a sanya ƙarfin da ke kan farantin ɗakin karatu ya zama iri ɗaya gwargwadon iyawa, dole ne a yi amfani da kusurwar ƙarfe ko murfin namomin kaza kamar yadda aka nuna a cikin hoton.
2.6 Bukatun rufewa don haɗin allunan rufe zafi a cikin ajiya
(1) Ya kamata a tabbatar da cewa kayan kariya daga zafi na allon bango a haɗin da ke tsakanin allon bango da ƙasa suna da alaƙa sosai da kayan kariya daga zafi a ƙasa, tare da ingantaccen hatimi da maganin hana danshi.
(2) Idan an rufe kuma an haɗa haɗin allunan hana zafi ta hanyar zubawa da kumfa a wurin, da farko, tabbatar da cewa kayan hana zafi na allunan hana zafi guda biyu za a iya haɗa su sosai, sannan a yi amfani da tef ɗin rufewa don manna saman haɗin daidai don kawar da gibba da kuma tabbatar da cewa rufin ya haɗu sosai.
(3) Kayan rufewa da ke mahadar allon rufe zafi da kansa ya kamata ya kasance mai hana tsufa, mai jure tsatsa, ba mai guba ba, babu wani wari na musamman, babu gurɓataccen abu mai cutarwa, ya cika buƙatun tsaftar abinci kuma yana da kyakkyawan aikin rufewa. Bai kamata a canza kayan rufewa a wurin ɗinkin ba ko kuma a bar shi a wuri ɗaya don tabbatar da cewa hatimin da ke wurin ɗinkin ya matse kuma ya daidaita.
(4) Idan ana amfani da tef ɗin rufewa don rufe haɗin bangarorin rufin zafi, girman haɗin bai kamata ya wuce 3mm ba.
(5) Dole ne a haɗa bangarorin rufin zafi da ke cikin jikin ajiyar tare da tsayinsa, ba tare da haɗin tsakiya a kwance ba.
(6) Kauri na Layer na rufin rufin ɗakin ajiyar sanyi ya kamata ya zama ≥ 100mm.
(7) Dole ne a ɗauki matakai don rage tasirin "gadar sanyi" ga tsarin wurin ɗagawa na rufin ɗakin ajiya, kuma ya kamata a rufe ramukan da ke cikin wurin ɗagawa.
(8) Ya kamata a yi amfani da yanayin zafi na kayan da ke wurin ɗagawa da aka haɗa da allon ajiyar kaya, kuma ya kamata a rufe saman ciki na rumbun da murfi na irin wannan kayan.
3. Bukatun ƙofa na ajiyar sanyi da aka riga aka ƙera
1) An sanya wa wurin ajiyar sanyi da aka riga aka shirya shi nau'ikan ƙofofi guda uku: ƙofar da aka yi wa hinged, ƙofar da aka yi wa hinged mai gefe ɗaya ta atomatik, da ƙofar da aka yi wa hinged mai gefe ɗaya.
2) Kauri, saman rufin da buƙatun aikin kariya na zafi na ƙofar ajiyar sanyi iri ɗaya ne da na allon ajiya, kuma tsarin firam ɗin ƙofar da ƙofar bai kamata su sami gadoji masu sanyi ba.
3) Ya kamata a saka dukkan firam ɗin ƙofofin ajiya masu sanyi mai ƙarancin zafi a cikin na'urorin dumama lantarki ko na'urorin dumama matsakaici don hana rufe ƙofar daskarewa. Lokacin da ake amfani da dumama lantarki, dole ne a samar da na'urorin kariya na dumama lantarki da matakan tsaro.
4) Ƙofofin ƙananan firiji da injinan daskarewa ƙofofi ne da aka rataye a gefe da hannu. Ana buƙatar saman ƙofar ya zama iri ɗaya da na allon kariya daga zafi. Bai kamata a sami "gadar sanyi" a kan maƙallin ƙofar da tsarin ƙofar ba, kuma buɗe ƙofar ya kamata ya zama sama da digiri 90.
5) Ƙofar ajiyar sanyi tana da makullin ƙofa, kuma makullin ƙofa yana da aikin sakin lafiya.
6) Dole ne dukkan ƙofofin rumbun ajiya su kasance masu sassauƙa kuma masu sauƙi don buɗewa da rufewa. Dole ne saman haɗin murfin firam ɗin ƙofar da ƙofar kanta ya kasance mai santsi da faɗi, kuma kada a sami karkacewa, ƙuraje, ko ƙarshen sukurori waɗanda suka karkace ko suka fallasa don haifar da karce da gogewa. Ana iya haɗa shi da kewayen firam ɗin ƙofar.
4. Kayan haɗin ɗakin karatu
1) Ajiye sanyi mai ƙarancin zafi (zafin ajiya <-5°C = na'urar dumama lantarki da na'urar sarrafa zafin jiki ta atomatik dole ne a sanya su a ƙarƙashin ƙasa don hana daskarewa da lalacewar ƙasan allon ajiya yadda ya kamata.
2) An sanya wa rumbun ajiyar kayan aiki fitilu masu jure danshi da kuma masu jure fashewa, waɗanda za su iya aiki a -25°C. Ya kamata inuwar fitilar ta kasance mai jure danshi, mai hana tsatsa, mai hana acid, da kuma mai hana alkaline. Ƙarfin haske a cikin rumbun ajiyar kayan ya kamata ya cika buƙatun shiga, fita da adana kayayyaki, kuma hasken ƙasa ya kamata ya fi 200lux.
3) Duk na'urori da kayan aiki da ke cikin wurin ajiyar sanyi ya kamata a yi musu maganin hana tsatsa da kuma hana tsatsa, amma dole ne a tabbatar da cewa rufin ba shi da guba, ba ya gurɓata abinci, ba shi da wani ƙamshi na musamman, yana da sauƙin tsaftacewa, ba shi da sauƙin haifar ƙwayoyin cuta, kuma ya cika buƙatun tsaftar abinci.
4) Dole ne a rufe ramukan bututun, a hana danshi da zafi, sannan kuma a rufe saman ya zama santsi.
5) Ya kamata a sanya na'urar adana sanyi mai ƙarancin zafi a cikin injin adanawa don hana da kuma kawar da bambancin matsin lamba mai yawa na jikin adanawa da kuma nakasar jikin adanawa da ke faruwa sakamakon canjin zafin jiki kwatsam.
6) Ya kamata a sanya na'urorin hana karo a gefen hanya a wajen wurin ajiyar sanyi. Ya kamata a sanya labule mai haske mai jure zafi a cikin ƙofar rumbun ajiya.
7) Ana buƙatar a sanya alamar zafin jiki kusa da ƙofar rumbun ajiya.
8) Dole ne a sanya magudanar ruwa ta ƙasa domin a iya fitar da najasa yayin tsaftace wurin ajiyar sanyi.
5. Ka'idoji don zaɓar manyan kayayyaki da kayan haɗi
Dole ne dukkan kayan aiki su bi ƙa'idodin ƙasa, kuma su riƙe takardar shaidar daidaito da rahoton gwaji daga Ofishin Kula da Fasaha.
Ka'idojin shigarwa don masu sanyaya iska da bututu
1. Shigarwa mai sanyaya
1) Ana buƙatar wurin shigar da na'urar sanyaya iska ta kasance nesa da ƙofar rumbun ajiya, a tsakiyar bango, kuma ya kamata a ajiye na'urar sanyaya iska bayan an saka ta a kwance;
2) Ana ɗaga na'urar sanyaya iska a kan rufin, kuma dole ne a gyara maƙallinsa da ƙusoshin nailan na musamman (nailan nailan 66) don hana samuwar gadoji masu sanyi;
3) Idan ana amfani da ƙulli don gyara na'urar sanyaya iska, ana buƙatar a sanya tubalan katako masu murabba'i waɗanda tsayinsu ya fi 100mm da kauri fiye da 5mm a saman rufin don ƙara yankin da ke ɗauke da kaya na allon ajiyar kaya, hana allon ajiyar kaya ya lalace, da kuma hana samuwar gadoji masu sanyi;
4) Nisa tsakanin na'urar sanyaya iska da bangon baya shine 300-500mm, ko kuma bisa ga girman da masana'antar sanyaya iska ta bayar;
5) Ba za a iya juya alkiblar iska ta na'urar sanyaya iska don tabbatar da cewa na'urar sanyaya iska ta busa waje ba;
6) Idan wurin ajiyar sanyi yana narkewa, dole ne a cire injin fanka don hana iska mai zafi ta shiga cikin wurin ajiyar yayin narkewa;
7) Tsawon ɗaukar kaya na ajiyar sanyi ya kamata ya zama aƙalla 30cm ƙasa da ƙasan mai sanyaya iska.
2. Shigar da bututun firiji
1) Lokacin shigar da bawul ɗin faɗaɗawa, dole ne a ɗaure fakitin na'urar auna zafin jiki a saman bututun dawo da iska a kwance, kuma a tabbatar da cewa ya yi kyau a haɗa shi da bututun dawo da iska. Ya kamata a rufe wajen bututun dawo da iska don hana fakitin na'urar auna zafin jiki ya shafi zafin ajiya;
2) Kafin bututun mai dawo da iska na sanyaya iska ya fito daga cikin ma'ajiyar, dole ne a sanya lanƙwasa mai dawo da mai a ƙasan bututun mai;
3) Idan ɗakin sarrafa kayan sanyaya da kuma ɗakin ajiyar kayan sanyaya ko na matsakaicin zafin jiki suka raba raka'a ɗaya, dole ne a sanya bawul mai daidaita matsin lamba kafin a haɗa bututun iska mai dawowa na ɗakin sarrafa kayan sanyaya da bututun sauran kabad ɗin ajiya ko na matsakaicin zafin jiki;
4) Kowace ajiyar sanyi dole ne ta sanya bawuloli masu zaman kansu a kan bututun dawo da iska da bututun samar da ruwa don sauƙaƙe aiwatarwa da kulawa.
Dole ne a gudanar da zaɓe, walda, shimfiɗawa, gyarawa, da kuma adana zafi na sauran bututun bisa ga ƙa'idodin da aka ƙayyade a cikin "Kayan Injiniyan Bututun Firji, Gine-gine, da Dubawa".
3. Shigar da bututun magudanar ruwa
1) Bututun magudanar ruwa da ke gudana a cikin rumbun ajiya ya kamata ya zama gajere gwargwadon iyawa; bututun magudanar ruwa da ke gudana a wajen rumbun ajiya ya kamata a yi amfani da shi a wani wuri da ba a gani a baya ko gefen rumbun ajiya mai sanyi don hana karo da kuma shafar bayyanar;
2) Bututun magudanar ruwa na fankar sanyaya ya kamata ya sami wani gangara da zai kai ga wajen ajiyar sanyi, ta yadda ruwan da ke narkewa zai iya fita daga wurin ajiyar sanyi cikin sauƙi;
3) Don ajiyar sanyi tare da zafin aiki ƙasa da 5°C, dole ne bututun magudanar ruwa da ke cikin wurin ajiyar ya kasance sanye da bututun kariya (kauri na bango ya fi 25mm);
4) Dole ne a sanya wayar dumama a cikin bututun magudanar ruwa na injin daskarewa;
5) Dole ne bututun da ke haɗa kayan da ke wajen rumbun ajiya ya kasance yana da tarkon magudanar ruwa, kuma dole ne a tabbatar da wani hatimin ruwa a cikin bututun don hana iska mai zafi da ke wajen rumbun ajiya shiga wurin ajiyar sanyi;
6) Domin hana bututun magudanar ruwa yin datti da toshewa, dole ne a sanya kowace ma'ajiyar sanyi a cikin magudanar ruwa daban don narkar da ruwan (ana iya sanya ma'ajiyar firiji a cikin ma'ajiyar, kuma dole ne a sanya injin daskarewa a waje).
4. Sauran ƙa'idodin injiniya
Za a gudanar da ginin wurin da ɗakin injin yake, wurin samun iska, wurin gyara na'urar, da sauransu bisa ga "Ka'idojin Gine-gine da Dubawa don Injiniyan Asali".
Ya kamata a gudanar da aikin injiniyan lantarki na ajiyar sanyi bisa ga "Ka'idojin Gina da Duba Injiniyan Lantarki".
5. Lissafin nauyin ajiya mai sanyi
Ya kamata a ƙididdige daidaitaccen nauyin ajiyar sanyi bisa ga manhajar lissafi. Manhajar da aka saba amfani da ita ta haɗa da Wittboxnp 4.12, Crs.exe, da sauransu. Idan ba za a iya tantance abubuwa kamar ajiyar abinci, zafin ajiyar abinci, lokacin ajiya, adadin buɗe ƙofofi, da adadin masu aiki ba, ana iya amfani da waɗannan hanyoyin don kimantawa:
5.1 Ana ƙididdige nauyin sanyaya firiji da injin daskarewa bisa ga W0=75W/m3 a kowace mita mai siffar cubic, kuma ana ninka shi da waɗannan abubuwan gyara.
1) Idan V (ƙarfin ajiyar sanyi) ƙasa da 30 m3, don ajiyar sanyi tare da buɗe ƙofofi akai-akai, ma'aunin ninkawa A=1.2
2) Idan 30 m3≤V <100 m3, ajiyar sanyi tare da lokutan buɗe ƙofofi akai-akai, ma'aunin ninkawa A=1.1
3) Idan V≥100 m3, ajiyar sanyi tare da lokutan buɗe ƙofofi akai-akai, ma'aunin ninkawa A=1.0
4) Idan ajiyar sanyi ne guda ɗaya, ma'aunin ninkawa B = 1.1, wani B = 1
Nauyin sanyaya na ƙarshe W=A*B*W0*girma
5.2 Daidaita kaya tsakanin sarrafawa
Ga ɗakunan sarrafawa masu buɗewa, ƙididdige da W0=100W/m3 a kowace mita mai siffar cubic, sannan a ninka ta da waɗannan ma'aunin gyara.
Ga ɗakin sarrafa kayan aiki da aka rufe, a lissafta bisa ga W0=80W/m3 a kowace mita mai siffar cubic, sannan a ninka ta da ma'aunin gyara mai zuwa.
1) Idan V (ƙarfin ɗakin sarrafawa) ƙasa da 50 m3, a ninka ta hanyar factor A = 1.1
2) Idan V≥50 m3, ma'aunin ninkawa A=1.0
Nauyin sanyaya na ƙarshe W=A*W0*girma
5.3 A yanayi na yau da kullun, tazarar ƙarshen fanka mai sanyaya a ɗakin sarrafawa da kuma ajiyar sanyi shine 3-5mm, kuma tazarar ƙarshen fanka mai sanyaya a cikin injin daskarewa shine 6-8mm.
5.4 Dole ne ƙarfin sanyaya na'urar sanyaya da aka zaɓa ya zama ≥ nauyin ajiya mai sanyi/0.85, kuma zafin fitar da iska mai dacewa dole ne ya kasance ƙasa da 2-3°C fiye da zafin fitar da iska na mai sanyaya iska (dole ne a yi la'akari da asarar juriya).
Lokacin Saƙo: Janairu-30-2023
